The article and protocol are for informational purposes only, and not intended as medical advice. Please read the medical disclaimer below, and consult your physician before taking supplements or acting upon the information presented in this article and protocol.  

Discussion

Leaky gut syndrome, also known as intestinal hyper-permeability, is a growing problem; and many who have it may not realize the cause of their suffering. Leaky gut syndrome can develop at any age, including infancy. (1) Although many people only experience digestive issues, others may experience systemic problems, without noticeable bowel disorders.

Hippocrates, the father of medicine, said, “All disease begins in the gut.” Time and research has proved him correct, and in nothing was his statement more accurate than as it pertains to leaky gut syndrome.

Leaky gut syndrome is hyper-permeability of the small intestine, which leads to both localized and chronic systemic inflammatory changes. Leaky gut syndrome is often associated with autoimmune diseases, which may indeed have their origin in the gut. Usually leaky gut syndrome manifests as food allergies, digestive irritability, and fatigue. It can also present with thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases, sinus problems, mood and psychological disorders, joint pain, “adrenal fatigue,” and low metabolism.

I was not taught about leaky gut syndrome in medical school, as conventional medicine did not recognize its existence until rather recently. However early in the 1990’s, I started seeing patients suffering from a combination of chronic digestive issues and at least one systemic problem. At first, I was not sure how to manage such patients, but through a bit of trial and error working with patients, using supplementation involving vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, amino acids (such as glutamine), omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics, as well as making dietary changes and avoiding toxic artificial sweeteners, BPA’s, PCB’s, etc., we were able to achieve quite remarkable improvements with their health. People got their lives back. This is the basis for my protocols below.

As part of a workup of digestive issues, I tested for allergies to 90 different foods; testing their blood for IgG antibody reactions. I would have the patient eliminate those foods that they reacted to strongly with high IgG antibodies, and those that had a mild – moderate reaction to foods they desired, I would have them rotate those foods in and out of their diet, in combination with use of supplements. A muiti-pronged approach changed their health and lives.

Intestinal Hyper-Permeability

When we eat food, our body has multiple steps to ensure optimal absorption of nutrients within the small intestine, which is where all absorption of macronutrients takes place.  Salivary enzymes begin the process of breaking down food with chewing. Next, stomach acid helps dissolve food into a slurry, or nutrient soup before passing through to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, where a secretion of bile for emulsification of fats and pancreatic digestive enzymes is dumped to continue the breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. All these steps prepare food for absorption across the mucous membrane epithelial lining of the small intestine.

The small intestine is a tube about 15 – 20 feet long, which is divided into 3 parts: the duodenum (where bile and pancreatic enzymes enter), the jejunum, and the last section prior to the large intestine, or colon, the ileum. Your food is absorbed in the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine.

To increase absorptive capabilities of the small intestine, the inner lining of the small intestine has many small folds to increase the surface area of the tube. And the whole surface of the folds is covered with small finger-like projections known as villi, which further increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine.  The villi increase the area so dramatically that if the absorptive surface area of the small intestine were laid out flat, it would cover the surface of a tennis court.

Each epithelial cell that lines the upper area of the villi have microvilli that appear like brush bristles, which act as a net to catch nutrients from the “soup,” or bolus of digested food as it passes through the intestinal tube (lumen). Digested food particles, macronutrients and micronutrients, also fall into the valleys between the villi.

The epithelial cells lining the bottom half of the villi do not have microvilli because the nutrient soup naturally moves more slowly than near the top where the “current” is. The increased contact time of the nutrients with the cells allows effective absorption of macro and micro-nutrients. The nutrients are transported into and through the cells, into the veins of each villi. Once the nutrients enter the veins, they are carried in the bloodstream straight to the liver for processing.

To form a line of defense against partially digested food, bacteria, and toxic substances, the epithelial cells are tightly connected through a series of dynamic proteins that form what is called “the tight junction” near the luminal surface, and the “adherens junction,” lower down the cell, near the interstitial tissue of the intestinal wall and bloodstream.

Tight junctions are not a static barrier. They are dynamic, and are responsive to signals to allow entry to whatever may be needed. One’s dietary state, signals through the blood or nervous system, inflammatory modulators, and a variety of cellular bio-chemical pathways influence the opening and closing of the tight junctions. Unfortunately, bacteria and viruses are able to usurp these mechanisms to access the interstitial area below the epithelial cells and, move into the bloodstream, and cause disease. (2– 4)

Leaky gut syndrome is a case in which the tight junctions between cells lose their integrity. The proteins of the junction break down, and/or the regulatory mechanism of the proteins forming the junctions are dysfunctional, and open up. The gap creates a channel by which bacteria, toxins, and undigested food particles gain access below the barrier. This triggers an inflammatory immune response, which worsens the hyper-permeability of the intestines, and spreads throughout the body. (5, 6)

The immune system’s white blood cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, etc., reside just beneath the epithelial cells, with “tentacles” reaching up into the lumen of the small intestine.  Under normal circumstances, these defense mechanisms that reside just on the other side of the epithelial cells are able to capture the few microbes and toxins that might slip through the tight junctions or cause damage in other ways.  The tight junctions and the immune system prevent foreign invaders from causing disease and damage by their entering the body.

Beta Glucans

Beta glucans are polysaccharide fiber micronutrients derived from the cell membranes of the Reishi and Shiitake mushrooms and from baker’s yeast extract.  Beta glucans have been used for years in Chinese medicine as immune modulators and cancer fighters.

White blood cells, such as macrophages and natural killer cells, have beta glucan receptors, and when stimulated by beta glucans (shown as small chains of blue balls in image below), the cells are activated to actively and precisely attack and eliminate foreign microbes (bacteria, yeast, fungi, and viruses), as well as cancer cells.

Beta glucans are immune modulators; that is they cause the immune system to mount an active response against foreign microbes and abnormal cells, without triggering an over-reaction that could cause excessive tissue damage. This is why beta glucans are an important part of the Leaky Gut Syndrome supplement protocol.

The gut is intricately involved with the immune system and brain. As it is in the gut, so goes the rest of the body. Good intestinal health is important for a healthy immune system, metabolism, thinking, and mood. Excessive inflammation in the intestinal lining leads to disseminated inflammation throughout the body’s tissues and organs.

Genetic Component & Autoimmune Response

Genetic defects in at least one protein type of the tight junction between intestinal epithelial cells have been identified, which appear to be one cause of hyper-permeability. (7) The protein is susceptible to oxidative alterations, or changes in its 3-dimensional configuration, by oxidative stress.

Oxidation of molecules involves the stripping away of electrons.  Molecules, such as proteins, are held in their unique 3-dimensional configuration by electronic charges.  The stripping away of electrons changes the charge, which changes the 3-dimensional shape of the protein, which alters the function.

The genetic defect in one particular type of tight junction protein thus leads to:

1. A “crack,” or weakening in the tight junction, thereby increasing permeability to microbes, toxins, and food particles, triggering a localized and systemic inflammatory response.
2. Susceptibility to oxidative damage (from inflammation or other toxins), which alters the 3-dimensional configuration of the protein molecule, inducing an autoimmune response to the damaged proteins.

Hyper-permeability of the gut is associated with many autoimmune disorders. Often hyper-permeability of the intestines is the first finding in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune problems, such as thyroid disorders and psoriatic arthritis. (7)

Associated Disorders of Leaky Gut Syndrome

1. Food Sensitivities – Not all food sensitivities are caused by leaky gut syndrome, but food sensitivities can cause similar symptoms, leading to hyper-permeability of the intestine. The undigested food particles get underneath the epithelial cells triggering inflammation and bowel and systemic symptoms. IgG antibodies are created against specific food proteins that make their way below the epithelial cells. Blood IgG tests can be performed to test for delayed hypersensitivities to specific foods, and those foods that cause the most severe reaction can be eliminated. Foods that trigger a more mild reaction can be rotated in and out of the diet, as long as optimal supplements are provided, e.g., grape seed extract, resveratrol, turmeric extract, glutamine, and beta glucans. The variety of supplements and amino acids help reduce inflammation and the food sensitivity, reducing the over-reaction of the immune system.
2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease – there is an association of leaky gut syndrome with irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. (8 – 11) Demonstrating a significant genetic component of this autoimmune disease, the majority of people with Crohn’s disease have leaky gut syndrome; and 10% – 20% of their relatives have gut hyper-permeability as well. Grape seed extract, resveratrol, beta glucans, turmeric extract, alpha-lipoic acid, green tea extract, vitamins, and minerals, including trace minerals, such as zinc, and the amino acid glutamine, help re-establish the integrity of the tight junction, reducing hyper-permeability. (12 – 15)
3. Autoimmune Disease – As mentioned above, a specific protein involved in the tight junction can be disrupted in genetically-susceptible individuals. Zonulin regulates the flow of particles through the tight junction. In those who are genetically susceptible, zonulin is oxidized easily, the 3-dimensional shape is altered, causing auto-antibodies to be created and attack the protein. This leads to dysregulation of the tight junctions, as well as autoimmune disorders of the bowel and elsewhere.  We know that autoimmune disorders are a combination of a genetic susceptibility and an “environmental insult” which may be any number of the following, or a combination of the following: bacteria, BPA, PCB, phthalates, pesticides, food additives, sweeteners, medications, vaccine adjuncts, heavy metals, etc.  With leaky gut syndrome, bacteria that get underneath the epithelial cells and cause inflammation, results in even more hyper-permeability. This may be the initiating trigger for many autoimmune disorders, as well as cancer. (7, 16)
4. Thyroid Problems – Leaky gut syndrome can lead to auto-antibodies against the thyroid gland, causing chronic hyperthyroidism in the form of the autoimmune disorder, Grave’s disease, or chronic hypothyroidism, in the form of the autoimmune disorder, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism leads to low metabolism, fatigue, weight gain, and depression. In either case, grape seed extract, turmeric extract, beta glucans (which also affect mood centers of the brain), vitamins, minerals, co-enzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and probiotics help support energy, mood, and metabolism; and grape seed extract protects new proteins produced by the thyroid gland cells from being damaged by oxidative stress, so that the immune system will see normal thyroid proteins and stop the autoimmune flare ups of either Grave’s or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
5. Malabsorption – Leaky gut syndrome leads to a deficiency in many micronutrients, including, vitamin B12, magnesium and digestive enzymes that help digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It is critical to take a full-spectrum, pure, potent, and bio-available supplement regimen like the one I have in the protocol below, along with probiotics, and the amino acid, glutamine. Digestive enzymes help break down foods, and the artichoke extract in the digestive enzymes helps with bile secretion and emulsification of fats, as well as metabolism and digestion.
6. Inflammatory Skin Conditions –Intestinal hyper-permeability can lead to acne and psoriasis, as well as eczema, rosacea, and contact hypersensitivities. Often if the gut is healed, and a person is taking my suggested protocol, there is minimal-to-no need of steroid creams or oral steroid medication in that the skin cells and immune system are normalized.  (The “vision support” supplement and “joint support” supplement, along with the “liver support” supplement and grape seed extract, are all very critical for healthy skin.)
7. Mood and Mental Disorders: depression, anxiety, ADD, ADHD, dysfunctional cognition, and autism have roots in the intestine being hyper-permeable, leading to inflammatory cytokine reaction, which, along with other chemicals, affects the brain. (17 – 21)
8. Type 2 Diabetes & Obesity – In addition to depression, leaky gut syndrome is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes and obesity. (22)
9. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – Not all cases of chronic fatigue syndrome are associated with leaky gut syndrome or irritable bowel syndrome, but a significant percentage of them are. (23, 24) Most, if not all cases of “adrenal fatigue” are most likely leaky gut syndrome. Either way, the same principles spelled out in the conclusion of this article, including the protocol of the nutritional supplements, help alleviate all symptoms of either disorder.
10. Migraine Headaches – Not all migraine headaches are triggered by leaky gut syndrome, but many headaches may have a strong association with intestinal hyper-permeability. (25) Repairing the leaky gut may just reduce the frequency and severity of many migraine headaches.
11. Sinus Disorders – Many chronic allergic sinusitis, runny or stuffed up noses may not always be due to air-borne allergens, but could be due to leaky gut syndrome and a cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are disseminated systemically.  Grape seed extract and beta glucans are extremely helpful in this scenario.

Probiotics are Critical for Healing the Gut

The microbiome of the gut can be considered another organ of the body. With nearly 3 pounds, numbering in the 50 – 100 trillion range, the diverse species of bacteria is considered the rain forest of the body. There is an intricate balance of friendly bacteria that we have a symbiotic relationship with in order to maintain a healthy digestive tract and proper digestion.

The microbiome plays a much larger role than just assisting digestion. It is a key component in maintaining a healthy immune system, producing serotonin for mood enhancement, and even helping to maintain healthy skin.

Antibiotics, eating unhealthy foods, stress, lack of sleep, coffee, alcohol, lack of hormones, and many other factors can alter the balance of bacteria in the bowel.

In leaky gut syndrome, the bacteria are not only unbalanced, but they make their way beneath the hyper-permeable epithelial layer, and trigger inflammation. Improving the intestinal microbiome by supplementing with probiotics is a critical component for the treatment and management of leaky gut syndrome. (26)

In my protocol, I recommend probiotic strains which scientific studies have backed as the two most important strains to replace in order to establish a foundation for growth of numerous other bacterial strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG and Bifidobacterium BB-12.

Numerous probiotic strains are available, many of which have very little-to-no clinical data regarding their benefit or physiological activity. These two strains have numerous human trials to prove viability and benefit in humans. They are designed for long shelf-life, and importantly, for withstanding the harsh acidic environment of the stomach so they can pass into the intestines intact, where they multiply and create a healthy environment for the microbiome to flourish.

Probiotics help heal the hyper-permeable intestinal lining, which reduces inflammation and immune activation. (15)

Conclusion

Genetic factors combined with environmental insults from toxic food, bad air, polluted water, certain medications, bacteria, and viruses, causes inflammation, and can lead to many chronic disorders of the bowel. Proper nutritional supplementation, combined with a good diet, avoidance of toxic sweeteners (aspartame, etc.), BPAs, PCBs, phthalates, and foods known to trigger allergies in sensitive people, reduce inflammatory changes both in the intestine and systemically. Healing of the gut, and restoring a healthy intestinal microbiome (good gut bacteria), is the key to restoring health throughout the body. You cannot have an unhealthy gut and expect to have true health.

Supplement Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome

If you have a serious case of leaky gut syndrome, especially if it involves significant systemic disorders, including autoimmune diseases, then I would highly suggest you and your doctor consider the optimal-dose protocol.  There is no harm in following the high-dose protocol even if you have a mild case of leaky gut syndrome.

This is to be used in conjunction with the principles mentioned above in the conclusion of the article above.  

The article and protocol are for informational purposes only, and not intended as medical advice. Please read the medical disclaimer below, and consult your physician before taking supplements or acting upon the information presented in this article and protocol.

Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome, Ages 3 – 5

Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome, Ages 6 – 9

Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome, Ages 10 – 12

Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome, Ages 13 – 16

Minimal Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome

Basic Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome

Average Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome

Advanced Protocol for Leaky Gut Syndrome

• AM: With, or after breakfast
• Noon: At lunchtime with food, or shortly thereafter
• PM: Late afternoon with food, or at, or after dinner
• Please see my list of ingredients (below) that I like to see provided by a foundational vitamin and mineral supplement, as well as what is in the liver health supplement I use.
• Probiotics, at least take 12 billion colony-forming bacteria, providing Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG® and Bifidobacterium BB12®, every other day or daily.
• A Liver Support Supplement, providing Milk Thistle Extract, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Broccoli Extract, Turmeric Extract (Curcumin), Olive Extract, Green Tea Extract, Biotin.
• Beta-glucans derived from Shiitake and Reishi mushrooms and baker’s yeast extract provide numerous benefits beyond supporting brain health and immune support.  (Although there is some controversy as to whether a person with an autoimmune disorder should take beta-glucan supplement, the preponderance of the evidence shows that beta-glucans confer numerous beneficial effects, and just may help “normalize” the immune system in everyone.)
• Licorice Root V (deglycyrrhizinated), L-Glutamine, 5-HTP Plus, Ultra Lipoic Acid, and DHEA can all be obtained from Douglas Labs, by first creating a customer account by  CLICKING HERE.  (If this link does not work for you, simply type “douglaslabs.com/patient-account” into a new browser tab.) And, please use Referral Code 2074214.  After establishing an account with them, you can then search the products by name.

Ingredients that I like to see provided collectively by vitamin-antioxidant & chelated mineral tablets

Vitamin A, mostly as Beta Carotene
Vitamin C
Vitamin D3
Vitamin E
Vitamin K (K1 & K2)
B-Complex Vitamins
Curcumin (turmeric extract)
Quercetin
Green Tea Extract
Olive Extract
Rutin
Resveratrol
Choline
Lutein
Lycopene
N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC)
Calcium
Magnesium
Iodine (as potassium iodide)
Zinc
Selenium
Copper
Manganese
Chromium
Molybdenum
Including Ultra Trace Minerals

Medical Disclaimer

Information on this website, written, spoken, or in any other communication by Dr. Ladd McNamara or any other information or reference is for informational purposes only. The information provided on this website is a result of years of practice, experience, and study by the author. This information is not intended as a substitute for the advice provided by someone’s personal licensed physician or other healthcare professional, or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. Do not use the information on this website, or any other form of communication from Dr. Ladd McNamara or the Dr. Ladd VIP Program, for diagnosing or treatment of a health issue or disease, or for the prescribing of medication or the use of supplementation without a discussion with your licensed health professional first.  At best, the information provided on this website is only meant to supplement information provided by your own doctor or health professional, not to replace medical advice.  The information from this website is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or possible adverse effects of nutritional supplements with or without medications, or in conjunction with specific medical conditions.  The information from this website may not fit your specific health circumstances.  Never delay seeking medical care or disregard advise from your health care professional because of information you have received directly or indirectly from this website, from the Dr. Ladd VIP Program, or from Dr. Ladd McNamara himself.   Always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before making any changes to your medication or embarking on a nutritional, herbal or homeopathic supplement program, or before using any treatment for a health concern.  If you have, or suspect that you have, a medical problem, contact your health care provider promptly.  Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking professional advice because of something you have read or heard on this website, or due to any other information from Dr. Ladd McNamara or his representatives. Information provided on this website or the V.I.P. Program, and the use of any products or services mentioned on this website (or as a result of information provided this program, article, or website) by you DOES NOT create a doctor-patient relationship between you and Ladd McNamara, M.D.  Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

References

1. Liu Z, et al. Tight junctions, leaky intestines, and pediatric diseases. Acta Paediatr. 2005 Apr;94(4):386-93.
2. Fasano A, Nataro JP. Intestinal epithelial tight junctions as targets for enteric bacteria-derived toxins. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Apr 19;56(6):795-807.
3. Bruewer M, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines disrupt epithelial barrier function by apoptosis-independent mechanisms. J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):6164-72.
4. Nusrat A, Turner JR, Madara JL. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions. IV. Regulation of tight junctions by extracellular stimuli: nutrients, cytokines, and immune cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Nov;279(5):G851-7.
5. McGough G. Leaky Gut. Nurs Stand. 2011 Aug 24;25(51):30.
6. Odenwald MA, Turner JR. Intestinal permeability defects: is it time to treat? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Sep;11(9):1075-83.
7. Fitzgerald K, et al. Psoriatic arthritis. Glob Adv Health Med. 2012 Sep;1(4):54-61.
8. Arrieta MC, et al. Alterations in intestinal permeability. Gut. 2006 Oct; 55(10): 1512–1520.
9. Gecse K, et al. Leaky gut in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and inactive ulcerative colitis. Digestion. 2012;85(1):40-6.
10. Hollander D. Intestinal permeability, leaky gut, and intestinal disorders. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 1999 Oct;1(5):410-6.
11. Khalif IL, et al. Alterations in the colonic flora and intestinal permeability and evidence of immune activation in chronic constipation. Dig Liver Dis. 2005;7:838–49.
12. Rapin JR, Wiernsperger N. Possible links between intestinal permeability and food processing: A potential therapeutic niche for glutamine. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2010 Jun;65(6):635-43.)
13. Vermeulen MA, et al. Glutamate reduces experimental intestinal hyperpermeability and facilitates glutamine support of gut integrity. World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar 28;17(12):1569-73.
14. Wang N, et al. Resveratrol Protects Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. Dig Dis Sci. 2016 Sep;61(9):2522-34.
15. Barbara G, et al. Mucosal permeability and immune activation as potential therapeutic targets of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012 Oct;46 Suppl:S52-5.
16. Fasano A. Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: the biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Physiol Rev. 2011 Jan;91(1):151-75.
17. Karakuła-Juchnowicz H, et al. The role of IgG hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis and therapy of depressive disorders. Nutr Neurosci. 2017 Feb;20(2):110-118.
18. Maes M, et al. Increased IgA and IgM responses against gut commensals in chronic depression: further evidence for increased bacterial translocation or leaky gut. J Affect Disord. 2012 Dec 1;141(1):55-62.
19. Maes M, et al. The gut-brain barrier in major depression: intestinal mucosal dysfunction with an increased translocation of LPS from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) plays a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008 Feb;29(1):117-24.
20. Kidd PM. Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part: 1: The knowledge base. Altern Med Rev. 2002 Aug;7(4):292-316.)
21. Mezzelani A, et al. Environment, dysbiosis, immunity and sex-specific susceptibility: A translational hypothesis for regressive autism pathogenesis. Nutr Neurosci. 2014 Jan 21. [Epub ahead of print]
22. Slyepchenko A, et al. Intestinal Dysbiosis, Gut Hyperpermeability and Bacterial Translocation: Missing Links Between Depression, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(40):6087-6106.
23. Maes M, et al. Evidence for the existence of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) with and without abdominal discomfort (irritable bowel) syndrome. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2014;35(6):445-53.
24. Maes M, Leunis JC. Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008 Dec;29(6):902-10.
25. van Hemert S, et al. Migraine associated with gastrointestinal disorders: review of the literature and clinical implications. Front Neurol. 2014 Nov 21;5:241.
26. Wright EK, et al. Recent advances in characterizing the gastrointestinal microbiome in Crohn’s disease: a systematic review. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015 Jun;21(6):1219-28.

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Information on this website, written, spoken, or in any other communication by Dr. Ladd McNamara or any other information or reference is for informational purposes only. The information is a result of years of practice experience and study by the author. This information is not intended as a substitute for the advice provided by someone’s personal licensed physician or other healthcare professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. Do not use the information on this website, or any other form of communication for diagnosing or treatment of a health issue or disease, or for the prescribing of medication or use of supplementation without discussion with a licensed medical doctor. Always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before taking any medication or embarking on a nutritional, herbal or homeopathic supplement program, or before using any treatment for a health problem.  If you have, or suspect that you have a medical problem, contact your health care provider promptly. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking professional advice because of something you have read or heard on this website, or any other form of communication with Dr. Ladd McNamara or his representatives. Information provided on this website or the V.I.P. Program, and the use of any products or services mentioned on this website (or as a result of information provided this program, article, or website) by you DOES NOT create a doctor-patient relationship between you and Ladd McNamara, M.D. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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